About Dark Matter Of The Universe

Carlos Mora Vanegas

The Universe holds great mysteries that invite those interested in astrophysics, cosmobiology go into it in order to learn more about what the universe contains.

An interesting topic about it, is everything about dark matter and dark energy the same (which will be discussed in another paper).

Personally, I was interested many years ago this subject, what is in their direct interaction galaxies, an issue that was explained to me when I was 15years by a Jesuit priest Father Puig, when in high school and in the fifth year at that time a subject cursábamos called kala-azar astronomy in college. Subject motivated me a lot and even thought to study astronomy, which I did and decided on Engineering

Wikipedia gives us the matter, called dark matter to hypothetical matter of unknown composition that does not emit or reflect enough electromagnetic radiation to be observed directly with the current technical means but whose existence can be inferred from gravitational effects it has on the visible matter such as stars or galaxies and anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. Not to be confused with dark matter dark energy.

We also indicates that the composition of dark matter is unknown, but may include ordinary and heavy neutrinos, recently postulated elementary particles such as WIMPs and axions, astronomical bodies such as dwarf stars and planets (collectively called MALE) and non-luminous gas clouds. Current evidence favors models in which the primary component of dark matter is new elementary particles collectively called non-baryonic dark matter.

The dark matter component has much more mass than the "visible" components of the universe. At present, the density of ordinary baryons and radiation in the universe is estimated to be equivalent to about one hydrogen atom per cubic meter of space. Only about 5% of the total energy density in the Universe (inferred from gravitational effects) can be observed directly. It is thought that about 23% is composed of dark matter. The remaining 72% is thought to consist of dark energy, an even stranger component, distributed diffusely in space. Some difficult to detect baryonic matter makes a contribution to dark matter, although some authors argue that is only a small portion. Even so, one must keep in mind that 5% of estimated baryonic matter, half of it still has not been found, so it can be considered baryonic dark matter: All the stars, galaxies and gas observable are less than half of baryons which is supposed to be and it is believed that this whole matter can be distributed in low-density gaseous filaments forming a network throughout the universe and whose nodes are the various clusters of galaxies.

Recently (May 2008) XMM-Newton European space agency has found evidence of the existence of this network of filaments

It should be noted as Wikipedia tells that according to current observations of structures larger than a galaxy, as well as Big Bang cosmology, dark matter is the order of 21% of the mass of the observable universe and dark energy, 70 Fritz Zwicky% for the first time he used to declare the observed phenomenon consistent with observations of dark matter as the rotational speed of galaxies and orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters, gravitational lensing of background objects by galaxy clusters well as the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) and the temperature distribution of hot gas in galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Dark matter also plays a central role in structure formation and evolution of galaxies and has measurable effects on the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation. All these lines of evidence suggest that galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the universe as a whole contain far more matter than that interacts with electromagnetic radiation: the remainder is called "the dark matter component."

As for dark matter have written a number of pages, explanations, for example, points out astroverada.com: The stars in some spiral galaxies rotate very rapidly. According to the laws of Newtonian mechanics, the velocity of a star along its orbit depends on the mass of the galaxy contained within the orbit of the star. However, the visible mass is much lower than expected. Where is the missing mass.?

The galaxies in the universe are usually grouped in clusters that need to be united force of gravitational attraction produced by a large amount of mass. The required mass is not observed. Where is it? There are strong theoretical arguments in favor of a universe dominated by dark matter. These arguments are based on the so-called inflationary model according to which the universe underwent a growth spurt a few moments after the Big Bang. This theory predicts that the universe would be dominated by dark matter: 99% of the matter that makes up the universe is not visible. The total amount of mass predicted by this model is a parameter that astrophysicists call a critical mass of the universe.

We add the source of information indicated that discoveries about the origin of the universe and some recent astronomical observations suggest that large-scale universe consists mostly of a form of matter not yet observed. The theories of elementary particles allow the possibility of the existence of forms of matter in the universe that we have not detected.

What is the nature of this mysterious form of matter? What are experimental possibilities for observation? What was the origin of this hypothesis and how strong experimental evidence in your favor?

Nineteenth century astronomers noticed that Uranus's orbit deviates from the results predicted by Newtonian mechanics. In 1846 the French astronomer Leverrier postulated the existence of an eighth planet (Neptune) that, when strategically placed in a special orbit explain the observed deviations in the orbit of Uranus.

Neptune was an example of dark matter, ie a form of matter whose existence is postulated to solve a problem related to the gravitational interaction of a system of astronomy. Today, both astrophysicists (who study the macrocosm) and particle physicists (studying the microcosm) introduce new forms of matter to help explain observations that are not consistent with theories.

Elementary particle physics and astrophysics have come in a convergence process in which both their theories and their findings are mutually linked.

Will the universe expand forever? What is the process that generates energy in stars? How are galaxies formed? What are the mechanisms behind large-scale structure of the universe?

In short, it tells us that dark matter may be such planets in other solar systems in our galaxy or other galaxies, which have not light itself we have not observed. There may also be large amounts of mass in the interstellar clouds in the form of dust or gas. These possible planets or clouds of gas would consist unobserved normal matter, ie for matter made of atoms that appear in the periodic table. However, in the universe there may be other manifestations of the famous dark matter and black holes or exotic forms some particles whose names are as dark as their nature: axions, neutrinos, gravitinos, photinos, Higgs magnetic monopoles, WIMPS,

In conclusion, Paul gives us Berneo, there is strong evidence, using a variety of different observations, the existence of a large amount of dark matter in the universe. The term "dark matter" refers matter whose existence can not be detected by processes associated with light, ie, do not emit or absorb electromagnetic radiation and do not interact with her so that observable side effects occur, this area has been inferred only through its gravitational effects.

The abundance of dark matter is usually counted in terms of mass density in units chosen so that they are equivalent to so many by one, with the density that accounts for all the existing mass, regardless of its nature as one. The total amount of visible matter, ie matter whose existence is inferred by photon emission or absorption is approximately 0.005, with an uncertainty of at least a factor of two times the measure.

The strongest evidence for dark matter is in the rotation curves of spiral galaxies. In these observations, azimuthal velocity hydrogen clouds around the galaxy is measured (by Doppler shift) as a function of distance from the center of the galaxy or radio galaxy. If there were no dark matter, a sufficient distance from the center or bulge of the galaxy find that the velocity is inversely proportional to the galactic radius or distance, as the visible mass of a spiral galaxy is practically concentrated at its center, the rest remaining distributed around it in the form of what we call arms